The facts are, I suppose, quite simple: the passing of this rather extreme measure at that particular point in English history had a little to do with religion and a lot to do with politics. You see, Henry IV had only two years before the introduction of De Heretico Comburendo deposed his cousin Richard from the throne of England in highly controversial circumstances. There were other people, moreover, who had a claim to the throne just as good if not better than he did himself. He was thus open to challenge and was to spend virtually the whole of his reign defending himself against conspiracy, plot and treason in all of their many forms.
The one thing he needed was support, the support of the church above all. So, on the advice of Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, worried by the growth of Lollardy, a crypto-Protestant heresy, Henry decided that the flames would have to be lit. Rather burn heretics than lose the crown of England.
Henry’s second wife, Joanna of Navarre, probably unknown to most people who read this, has the right to be know as the only Queen Consort to be accused and condemned as a witch. Yes, she was. When Henry V, her step-son, succeeded to the throne in 1413he was anxious to renew the struggle with France, in the long conflict subsequently known as the Hundred Years War. Joanna, the daughter of Charles the Bad of Navarre, had relatives in the French service and refused to agree the king’s request for money. She subsequently found herself accused of attempting to poison the King by malificia. She was convicted, her lands seized and Henry got his money…and his war.
One does not execute royal witches, oh no. Joanna was kept, rather, in Pevensey Castle, and subsequently released after the death of Henry in 1422. Witch or not she is buried alongside her husband, Henry IV, in Canterbury Cathedral.
Posts
Good morning, Ana.
ReplyDeleteYes, the fact that Joanna wasn't burned is a strong indication that people did not beieve her to be a witch. But the concept of witchery is intriguing. It seems to have been a hangover from the old religions which were still going strong right up to the end of the middle-ages. Many people really did believe in them and in their powers for doing evil. We don't burn witches today simply because we don't believe in them.
And, of course, witchery was a very convenient concept for dealing with troublesome misfits.
Hi, Jamie. The accusation was clearly no more than a convenient way for her single-minded stepson to get hold of her loot! I'm fascinated by witchcraft in general. I have lots of stuff here on the subject.
ReplyDeleteNenek Sihir or tukang sihir wanita in Indonesian and they fly on broomsticks and have pointy black hats and black cats too, which is interesting. Are witches international?
ReplyDeleteYes, indeed they are. :-)
ReplyDelete